Forum Πρωτοβάθμιας Φροντίδας Υγείας
ΠΦΥ -Εκπαίδευση => Αποσπάσματα από τον έντυπο & ηλεκτρονικό τύπο => Μήνυμα ξεκίνησε από: Argirios Argiriou στις 22 Οκτωβρίου 2010, 08:36:22
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How ultrasound machines work:
How Ultrasound Works
Academy of Ultrasound, LLC Video I.avi
Academy of Ultrasound, LLC Video II.avi
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How abdominal ultrasound works
Abdominal Ultrasound
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LIVER ULTRASOUND ANATOMY 1.wmv
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LIVER ULTRASOUND ANATOMY 2.wmv
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LIVER ULTRASOUND ANATOMY 3.wmv
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LIVER ULTRASOUND ANATOMY 4.wmv
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Fatty Liver Ultrasound
ultrasound in gallbladder evaluation
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RENAL ULTRASOUND
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ultrasound use in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm
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Γενικά, στον υπέρηχο για να μην μπερδευόμαστε, το καλύτερο είναι να έχουμε πάντα τον δείκτη του ηχοβολέα προς την δεξιά μεριά του ασθενούς, όταν έχουμε την κεφαλή του ηχοβολέα οριζόντια και και προς το κεφάλι του ασθενούς όταν έχουμε την κεφαλή του ηχοβολέα κάθετα.
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Φίλος χειρουργός, που χρησιμοποιεί συστηματικά το FAST, μου είπε ότι του παίρνει συνολικά 2 - 3 λεπτά της ώρας.
Υπάρχει και το
eFAST : extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma
[/youtube]
How To: EFAST - LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant) 3D Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foyIEuUlgD0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foyIEuUlgD0)
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Aorta Ultrasound - Introduction - SonoSite, Inc.
Point of Care Ultrasound of the Abdominal Aorta - AMBOSS Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8wc8-40F1E (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8wc8-40F1E) (very good video )
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Systematic Ultrasound Examination of the Abdomen.
Prof. P. Michielsen,
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
University of Antwerp Belgium.
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Φίλος χειρουργός, που χρησιμοποιεί συστηματικά το FAST, μου είπε ότι του παίρνει συνολικά 2 - 3 λεπτά της ώρας.
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focused_assessment_with_sonography_for_trauma
http://www.sonoguide.com/FAST.html
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Ο ήχος δεν είναι και τόσο καλός, και τα Αγλλικά του Πακιστανού συναδέλφου είναι αρκετά δυσνόητα για εμάς. Παρόλα αυτά νομίζω ότι παίρνει κανείς μια ιδέα τους πως φαίνεται το υγρό του ασκίτη στον υπέρηχο.
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Το http://www.ultrasoundpodcast.com (http://www.ultrasoundpodcast.com) το έχουν δύο Αμερικανοί Επειγοντολόγοι ο Matt Dawson και ο Mike Mallin οι οποίοι βγάζουν εκπαιδευτικά βίντεο για Ιατρούς που θέλουν να μάθουν υπερηχογραφία.
Τα βίντεο αυτά μπορεί κανείς να τα βρει στο www.youtube.com αν χτυπήσει τη λέξη ultrasoundpodcast : https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ultrasoundpodcast (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ultrasoundpodcast)
Βγάζουν επίσης στο www.youtube.com την σειρά βίντεο One Minute Ultrasound (χτυπήστε το στο youtube έτσι ακριβώς) όπου στα πολύ γρήγορα μπορεί κανείς να πάρει μια ιδέα για τις διάφορες χρήσεις της διαγνωστικής υπερηχογραφίας ανά όργανο.
Οι ίδιοι Επειγοντολόγοι διοργανώνουν επί πληρωμή μαθήματα υπερηχογραφίας στη Νορβηγία ( δείτε την σχετική ιστοσελίδα : http://www.sononorway.com )
αλλά και στην Σουηδία ( δείτε την σχετική ιστοσελίδα: http://www.ultrasoundpodcast.com/sonosweden ).
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Μνημονικοί κανόνες για την ανατομική διάταξη βουβωνικά: VAN (Vein Artery Nerve) και LiNa (Laterally is Nerve). Vein is nearest to Venereal.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493210/figure/article-39292.image.f1/ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493210/figure/article-39292.image.f1/)
Ανατομία της ιγνυακής χώρας:
https://anatomiatopografica.com/aparato-circulatorio/arteria-poplitea/ (https://anatomiatopografica.com/aparato-circulatorio/arteria-poplitea/)
και
https://aneskey.com/popliteal-sciatic-nerve-block/ (https://aneskey.com/popliteal-sciatic-nerve-block/)
UltrasoundPodcast.com - DVT Ultrasound.
Είναι κάπως φλύαρο βίντεο αλλά όταν φτάνει στο ζουμί έχει αρκετά καλά παραδείγματα.
5:50 You need only 10 minutes training
5:55 It takes only 3,5 minutes to perform the examination (OK it may be wise to do this bilaterally in that case it may take 7 minutes)
8:46 You look for clot in Common Femoral and Popliteal Vein
15:09 The Popliteal Vein is more superficial (than the Popliteal Artery)
15:40 You don't have to use colour ultrasound
19:10 Well' s score and DVT clinical algorithm
25:32 The video actually finishes at 25:32
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DVT Ultrasound from One Minute Ultrasound
Ο πυρήνας του ζουμιού...
2-point compression ultrasound for lower limb DVT - Training Video.
Πρόκειται για σύντομο μεν αλλά πολύ αναλυτικό βίντεο για απόλυτα αρχάριους που αναφέρεται επίσης και σε μερικές βασικές γενικές αρχές της υπερηχογραφίας όπως π.χ. πως κρατούμε τον ηχοβολέα ή πως ρυθμίζουμε το μηχάνημα.
How To: Deep Vein Thrombosis Ultrasound Exam 3D Video (βιντεάκι δύο λεπτών)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7xjB27FviQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7xjB27FviQ)
Limited Examination of The Lower Extremity Venous System for DVT ( βιντεάκι διάρκειας 5 λεπτών, όπου στο 3:49 όταν βρίσκεται ιγνυακά τον δείκτη του ηχοβολέα φαίνεται να τον έχει να δείχνει προς το ταβάνι)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0JmjOOg10M (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0JmjOOg10M)
Διαβάστε όμως και αυτό:
January 9, 2015
Two-Point Compression Ultrasonography Is Inadequate to Rule Out DVT
Daniel J. Pallin, MD, MPH reviewing Adhikari S et al. Ann Emerg Med 2014 Nov 20.
A retrospective study quantifies the miss rate.
It is well-known that isolated two-point compression ultrasonography to detect clots in the common femoral or popliteal veins will miss some lower extremity deep venous thromboses (DVTs). To quantify the miss rate, investigators retrospectively studied patients who underwent full-leg ultrasonography at a single emergency department during a 6-year period.
Of 2451 patients with suspected DVT, 362 (15%) had DVTs detected, and of those patients, 6% had isolated thrombi in proximal veins other than common femoral and popliteal veins.
Comment
This study does not alter the current standard of care. If a patient has a positive d-dimer test and a negative two-point compression study, a repeat full lower extremity venous ultrasound should be performed within 1 week. If compliance with follow-up is a concern, then a full study can be done in the emergency department.
Editor Disclosures at Time of Publication
Disclosures for Daniel J. Pallin, MD, MPH at time of publication Grant / Research support NIH Leadership positions in professional societies Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (Co-Chair, Scientific Subcommittee of Program Committee)
Citation(s):
Adhikari S et al. Isolated deep venous thrombosis: Implications for 2-point compression ultrasonography of the lower extremity. Ann Emerg Med 2014 Nov 20; [e-pub ahead of print]. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.10.032)
- See more at: http://www.jwatch.org/na36660/2015/01/09/two-point-compression-ultrasonography-inadequate-rule-out?query=etoc_jwgenmed#sthash.KK0uKdvm.dpuf
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Το eFAST ( = extended FAST) είναι FAST αλλά όμως και με την προσθήκη της εξέτασης των πνευμόνων για πνευμοθώρακα και αιμοθώρακα (στην περίπτωση των πνευμόνων είναι χρήσιμο αν έχει κανείς την δυνατότητα στο υπερηγράφο για M-mode).
και αυτό επίσης:
Introduction EFAST Focused Ultrasound Examination
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http://5minsono.com/ (http://5minsono.com/)
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Τα βιντεάκια του Philipps Perera της SonoSite είναι πολύ ποιοτικά και μεστά.
Δείτε εδώ ένα διάρκειας 8 λεπτών:
Renal Ultrasound - Hydronephrosis - SonoSite, Inc.
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Focused Renal Ultrasound
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Πώς μετράμε τον όγκο των ούρων στην Ουροδόχο κύστη;
Ultrasound Lecture: Urinary Bladder - Measurements by Dr. Mahin
How to Measure Bladder Volume with Ultrasound on the QSONO D8 Wireless Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1S5dT-mplc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1S5dT-mplc)
Αυτό ίσως να είναι ακόμη καλύτερο βιντεάκι:
How To Measure Urinary Bladder Volume and Detect Urinary Tract Problems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKJ32dXLkSQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKJ32dXLkSQ)
και αυτό ακόμη καλύτερο (αναφέρεται επίσης στο urinary jet = πίδακες ούρων):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScONM2gv-Wo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScONM2gv-Wo)
Και ένα πολύ αναλυτικό:
Bladder Ultrasound/KUB
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOYHnC8ffHA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOYHnC8ffHA)
How to Measure Urinary Bladder and Prostate Volume (Demo For Residents) ( διάρκειας 1:40)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAoqrEsk5_k (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAoqrEsk5_k)
Ultrasound Estimated Post-Void Residual Bladder (Διάρκειας 1,41 λεπτού. Ερασιτεχνικό μεν βιντεάκι αλλά χρήσιμο από διάφορες απόψεις. Σου δείχνει πως να μετρήσεις πρακτικά, χωρίς να χρησιμοποιήσεις την εφαρμογή volume του υπερηχογράφου σου. Ενδιαφέρον επίσης ότι μετρά την προσθιοπίσθια απόσταση κάπως διαφορετικά).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEd7IzICClE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEd7IzICClE)
B-mode → Dual → Freeze → Calc → Volume → measure with "set ball set" x 3 (με την σειρά που κάνουμε τον σταυρό μας) → Undo freeze → Dual (makes the ultrasound to go from Dual to B-mode) .
Do not forget to tilt your transducer a little bit caudally.
When the marker of the transducer points cranially, you must try to find the maximum superior - inferior diameter.
(https://radiologyassistant.nl/assets/normal-values-ultrasound/a5a31051b2b3f4_Bladder-volume-figure.jpg)
(https://nephropocushome.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/twitter-11.jpg)
Εδώ βέβαια, έχουμε ένα βιντεάκι που τα δείχνει κάπως διαφορετικά:
Hot Tip - Measuring Bladder Volume with Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBUmVDH9fPM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBUmVDH9fPM)
(https://i0.wp.com/radcalculators.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Dia1.png?resize=768%2C432&ssl=1)
The correction factor is depending on the bladder shape:
Unknown: 0.72 – most widely used
Prolate ellipsoid: 0.52
Triangular prism: 0.66
Ellipsoid: 0.81
Cuboid: 0.89
The bladder shape can be “eyeballed” but if hard to characterize the 0.72 correction factor is a reasonable choice. Here are some schematic drawings of various common bladder shapes:
(https://i0.wp.com/radcalculators.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Bladder-shapes.png?resize=768%2C937&ssl=1)
https://radcalculators.org/urinary-bladder-volume-calculator-ultrasound/ (https://radcalculators.org/urinary-bladder-volume-calculator-ultrasound/)
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Ultrasound missed pneumonia in four patients. These pneumonias were also missed by chest X-ray. In all four patients, the pneumonia was located in the middle of the lung parenchyma and did not extend to the pleura. This is similar to prior studies finding that lesions not extending to the pleura are missed by ultrasound
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Given this diagnostic performance, lung ultrasound could be another imaging modality used to diagnose pneumonia in a resource-limited setting.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845910/ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845910/)
Στις 19/005/2021 Βλέπω πάντως ότι οι Σουηδοί εξακολουθούν να έχουν την Ακτινογραφία Θώρακα ως τον mainstream απεικονιστικό τρόπο επιβεβαίωσης μιας Πνευμονίας.
https://www.internetmedicin.se/behandlingsoversikter/infektion/pneumoni-hos-vuxna/ (https://www.internetmedicin.se/behandlingsoversikter/infektion/pneumoni-hos-vuxna/)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBgGA_rqVvE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBgGA_rqVvE)
Summary:
3 normal findings on lung ultrasound:
Bat sign
A-lines
Lung sliding
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LjtPWfsjFw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LjtPWfsjFw)
Indicator‐to-Screen Orientation
1) The top of the screen is closer to the probe. Bottom of the screen shows structures farther away from the probe.
2) The left side of the screen, as it is viewed, corresponds to the side of the probe marked with an indicator.
https://www.google.com/search?q=at+which+direction+the+probe+ultrasound&rlz=1C1DIMA_enGR690GR690&oq=at+which+direction+the+probe+ultrasound&aqs=chrome..69i57.21503j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 (https://www.google.com/search?q=at+which+direction+the+probe+ultrasound&rlz=1C1DIMA_enGR690GR690&oq=at+which+direction+the+probe+ultrasound&aqs=chrome..69i57.21503j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8)
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6 Holding The Ultrasound Probe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyDf96uB4Xc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyDf96uB4Xc)
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How to: Gallbladder Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz-M6pL8Kfw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz-M6pL8Kfw)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5gRFeZ7cZU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5gRFeZ7cZU)
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Basic Sonographic Anatomy of the Liver
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEl_N0XbgzY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEl_N0XbgzY)
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Sonographic anatomy of the gallbladder and biliary ducts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enp-lIVqyBQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enp-lIVqyBQ)
Mickey Mouse sign:
- Transverse view of portal veins
CBD (Common Bile Duct) is the right eye of Mickey Mouse HA ( Hepatic Artery ) is the left eye of Mickey Mouse
Vena Porta is the mouth of Mickey Mouse
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Errors in Gallbladder Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ywkf3kTcjg (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ywkf3kTcjg)
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9652513/ (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9652513/)
power doppler ultrasound vs color doppler
Color Doppler converts the blood flow measurements into an array of colors to help show the speed and direction of blood flow through the vessel. Power Doppler is even more sensitive than color Doppler in detecting blood flow, although it does not provide information about the direction of blood flow
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQn8jKtwk6o (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQn8jKtwk6o)
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Ultrasound Video showing Multiple Hepatic metastases with a Mass.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78vglEZNKkI (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78vglEZNKkI)
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Ultrasound Video showing Hepatic cirrhosis, splenomegaly, ascites, GB stone, and pleural effusion.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5TyxX9-_Xw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5TyxX9-_Xw)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X0o1-V1jtE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X0o1-V1jtE)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XefhSYUgdfY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XefhSYUgdfY)
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Ουσιαστικά βρίσκεται στο επιγάστριο και κατευθύνει τον ηχοβολέα και λίγο προς τα αριστερά.
Μερικές φορές μπορεί να δει κανείς την ουρά του παγκρέατος με παράθυρο την σπλήνα.
(Να μην ξεχνούμε ότι για να δει κανείς σπλήνα πρέπει να πάει με τον ηχοβολέα αρκετά ψηλά:
How to perform an ultrasound exam of the pancreas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsJeMgxTFMU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsJeMgxTFMU)
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Hydatid Hepatic Cyst.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AXRz0wiGio (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AXRz0wiGio)
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how to evaluate SIMPLE CYSTS in LIVER KIDNEY and GB
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y22PY_VwSOM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y22PY_VwSOM)
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Βιντεάκι μόλις 2,38 λεπτών. Δείχνει όμως ξεκάθαρα πώς προσανατολίζουμε τον ηχοβολέα
Επίσης ξεκαθαρίζει ότι το ιδανικό πριν την εξέταση είναι να είναι ο ασθενής «Νηστικός» και «Ακατούρητος»:
Examination of the Bladder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lN12Gz8CClQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lN12Gz8CClQ)
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Παρόλο που δεν έχει καθόλου υποτιτλισμό είναι ένα χρήσιμο βίντεο διάρκειας 18 λεπτών.
Τα Αγγλικά του ισπανόφωνου Ιατρού είναι εύκολο να τα καταλάβει κανείς.
Δεν ξεχνά, εκεί που πρέπει να δίνει και τις οδηγίες που πρέπει στον ασθενή:
Take a deep breath. ( Πάρε μια βαθιά αναπνοή ).
Take a deep breath and hold it. ( Πάρε μια βαθιά αναπνοή και κράτησέ την).
Breath naturally. (Ανέπνεε κανονικά).
Move please a little. ( Για κουνίσου λίγο).
Εκεί που μιλά για confluence που είναι κοντά στο Πάγκρεας μάλλον εννοεί το celiac trunk.
Μετά το 18:41 επίσης φαίνεται ξεκάθαρα πως προσανατολίζει τον ηχοβολέα του για να δει τον αριστερό νεφρό. (Παραδέχεται ότι γενικό ο αριστερός νεφρός δεν φαίνεται πάντα τόσο καθαρά όπως ο δεξιός).
0:20 Tip of the liver
1:00 Diaphragm
1:35 Aorta sagital
1:58 Aorta transverse
2:20 IVC (Inferior Vena Cava) sagital
2:57 IVC Transverse
3:25 Confluence ??
3:50 Splenic vein
4:10 Superior Mesenteric Artery Sagital
4:30 Superior Mesenteric Artery Transverse
4:58 Portal Vein transverse
5:24 Vertebral Column (always posterior to the aorta)
6:00 Stomach, Colon, Duodenum (everything that has gas)
6:32
Abdominal ultrasound landmarks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnaNdya3jOc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnaNdya3jOc)
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Πολύ καλό βιντεάκι από το NEJM διάρκειας 11 λεπτών. Πρέπει όμως να κάνετε δωρεάν εγγραφή στο NEJM για να το δείτε:
Use of eFAST in Patients with Injury to the Thorax or Abdomen
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm2107283?query=NEW&utm_source=vcm&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=mar22&cid=DM858117_Registered-Users_Not-Japan-or-Korea_All-Prof-Category&bid=898563553 (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm2107283?query=NEW&utm_source=vcm&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=mar22&cid=DM858117_Registered-Users_Not-Japan-or-Korea_All-Prof-Category&bid=898563553)
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Ultrasound Tutorial: Kidney & Bladder / Urinary Tract | Radiology Nation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X0o1-V1jtE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X0o1-V1jtE)
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ultrasound of hernia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=norBOAGrEjs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=norBOAGrEjs)
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Ultrasound Video showing Epigastric Hernia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oh05KlAsSio (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oh05KlAsSio)
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Ultrasound Video showing Inguinal Hernia.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzQpUDG8Klc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzQpUDG8Klc)
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ULTRASOUND OF ABDOMINAL HERNIAS || DR S BOOPATHY || SONOBUZZ VIRTUAL | INGUINAL FEMORAL INCISIONAL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y56xdKQgtTU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y56xdKQgtTU)
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Ultrasound Tutorial: Inguinal/Femoral Hernia Assessment | Radiology Nation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWzpcc4ZR-U (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWzpcc4ZR-U)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aW7RFGuVcZM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aW7RFGuVcZM)
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How to set up your Ultrasound Part 1
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&docid=608008953855415265&mid=26740430A8575517D3D226740430A8575517D3D2&view=detail&FORM=VIRE (https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&docid=608008953855415265&mid=26740430A8575517D3D226740430A8575517D3D2&view=detail&FORM=VIRE)
7 Adjusting Ultrasound Machine Settings
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&docid=607991056718826853&mid=B0B4AAD11784E2F9B15AB0B4AAD11784E2F9B15A&view=detail&FORM=VIRE (https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&docid=607991056718826853&mid=B0B4AAD11784E2F9B15AB0B4AAD11784E2F9B15A&view=detail&FORM=VIRE)
Introduction to Ultrasound - 02 - Machine Orientation
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&&view=detail&mid=FF51A43076F544CA8764FF51A43076F544CA8764&rvsmid=B0B4AAD11784E2F9B15AB0B4AAD11784E2F9B15A&FORM=VDQVAP (https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&&view=detail&mid=FF51A43076F544CA8764FF51A43076F544CA8764&rvsmid=B0B4AAD11784E2F9B15AB0B4AAD11784E2F9B15A&FORM=VDQVAP)
Ultrasound Image Optimization Episode 2
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&docid=608032202504227451&mid=176811F09E003B16D87D176811F09E003B16D87D&view=detail&FORM=VIRE (https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+get+right+settings+for+your+ultrasound&docid=608032202504227451&mid=176811F09E003B16D87D176811F09E003B16D87D&view=detail&FORM=VIRE)
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Ultrasound diagnosis of Rib fractures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThCgmRfuvuo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThCgmRfuvuo)
-
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoqLOKjPZ70 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoqLOKjPZ70)
Key messages:
Curvilinear
> 3 cm = abnormal
> 5 cm = bad
outer wall to outer wall
Transverse scan is more usefull than longitudinal
Και ακόμη έναν βιντεάκι, αυτή την φορά από τον διάσημο Dr Phil Perera:
How To: Aorta Ultrasound - Aneurysms Case Study Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKnFD6KeO4c (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKnFD6KeO4c)
Pitfals and useful hints:
Aorta maybe hard to see secondary to bowel: Press transducer more firmly toward spine.
If patient is obese: Use lower frequency to increase penetration.
Use colour doppler to identify vessels.
Spine maybe mistaken to AAA
Understand definition of and anatomy found on bedside ultrasound imaging of AAA.
-
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Essentials
(online ultrasound course )
https://www.medmastery.com/course/point-care-ultrasound-essentials?gclid=Cj0KCQjwsrWZBhC4ARIsAGGUJuo7vgPkQx7jYAFSHr2owZ_1d4NxCLixqZmy3XX1-PEKTlJMC0HyJw4aAoBaEALw_wcB (https://www.medmastery.com/course/point-care-ultrasound-essentials?gclid=Cj0KCQjwsrWZBhC4ARIsAGGUJuo7vgPkQx7jYAFSHr2owZ_1d4NxCLixqZmy3XX1-PEKTlJMC0HyJw4aAoBaEALw_wcB)
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Ultrasound Buttons: Freeze, Measure, Store. LVOT Diameter Measurement Example ( βιντεάκι 34 δευτερολέπτων ).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLmqPyi8nJU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLmqPyi8nJU)
Freeze
Measure (Calipers)
Store
-
https://www.stepwards.com/?page_id=22102 (https://www.stepwards.com/?page_id=22102)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Yfe2vOpFmY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Yfe2vOpFmY)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBC127qcoPs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBC127qcoPs)
M-mode = For example for fetal heart tones
There are several modes of ultrasound: A mode, B mode, C mode, M mode, Doppler mode and so on.
M-mode ultrasound (also called motion-mode imaging) does not yield full frame images per se, but rather one selected image line is rendered as a function of time. This is used for displaying motion
of, for example, the periodic movement of heart valves. Any abnormalities or temporal variations can be directly seen as an image on the screen.
PW = Doppler mode
CF = Colour Flow ( shows directional flow )
PDI = Just shows flow (in general )
Power Doppler imaging (PDI) is a newly introduced ultrasound method which visualizes the integrated power of the Doppler signal instead of its frequency shift.
We compared this technique with the conventional color flow Doppler (CFD) in the examination of extracranial vertebral arteries.
B-mode = Brightness mode (gray scale ). Currently the most common form of ultrasound imaging. Solid areas appear white and fluid areas appear black. 1:51
Gain = "Brigthness". If you want want brighter picture you increase the Gain. If you want darker picture you decrease the gain.
You turn the button to the left or to the right to decrease or increase the Gain.
TGC From left to right and from Ut to Down: Left and Up must be narrowest while Right and Down broadest 2:51
If the ultrasound image was formed directly by the raw returned echoes, image would appear lighter in superficial layers and darker in deep layers but TGC is used to overcome this artifact.
Depth 3:09
Imaging depth does exactly what it sounds like - it describes how far into the body you can look with your ultrasound machine.
It is measured in centimeters and starts at the surface of the transducer, which is usually resting on the patient's skin.
Notch of the Probe It is typically to the patients right 3:58
Freeze 5:26
Automatic Depth 6:40
3D/4D I don't need it
Measure (= Calliper) 8:00
zoom 8:24
In the ultrasound display image, users, such as sonographers or doctors, use the zoom function to observe a specific area in more detail. However, the zoom function enlarges the
corresponding area image using some simple algorithms, such as linear interpolation. The zoomed image quality is usually quite poor and blurry.
Body Pattern Ellipse Shows where you are in the body in order to orientate other doctors 8:26
Clear 9:10
LOGIQView For long pictures like fetal spine. Not used so often 9:28
Choose Probe 11:30
Frequency We use it often Resolution vs Depth 11:58
Increasing the frequency is a good way to improve the resolution of your image, and decreasing the frequency will help you if you’re struggling to reach deeper structures.
https://www.eimedical.com/blog/what-impact-does-frequency-have-on-ultrasound-imaging
(https://www.eimedical.com/blog/what-impact-does-frequency-have-on-ultrasound-imaging)
Focus 12:18
The focus function allows the user to adjust the level of the focus of the ultrasound beam onto different structures during real time scanning.
For example, if you were performing a scan of the abdominal aorta then make sure that the focus is at the level of the aorta in the image.
Image quality at the level of the focus is the sharpest.
Angle For example to give the rigth angle to the Colour Flow according to the vessel"s orientation in order to visualise the vessel better 12:30
Dynamic Range 13:28
How to utilize the basic buttons on a duplex ultrasound machine
https://www.medmastery.com/guides/ultrasound-clinical-guide-arteries-legs/how-utilize-basic-buttons-duplex-ultrasound-machine (https://www.medmastery.com/guides/ultrasound-clinical-guide-arteries-legs/how-utilize-basic-buttons-duplex-ultrasound-machine)
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Renal Cysts Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ng19sAenXXE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ng19sAenXXE)
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Ultrasound features of Kidney Cysts
https://www.renalfellow.org/2019/10/25/ultrasound-features-of-kidney-cysts/ (https://www.renalfellow.org/2019/10/25/ultrasound-features-of-kidney-cysts/)
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Ultrasound Video showing a large ureteric stone with two renal stones.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hejVz86wTLA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hejVz86wTLA)
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Διάρκεια: 45 δευτερόλεπτα.
Image Interpretation: Carotid Atherosclerosis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnJaBb9RHFo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnJaBb9RHFo)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cI7ULKNhVcw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cI7ULKNhVcw)
Weak deep signals result in darker image
TGC (or Gain) 3:22 increasing TGC brightens deeper structures to imrove visibility.
Acoustic Shadow 3:50
Scatter 4:09
Air 4:20
Gel 4:43
Sound frequencies 4:52
Resolution and Depth 5:56
Longer wavelength = More penetration but less resolution (good for deeper structures )
Shorter wavelength = Less penetration but higher resolution (good for shallower structures )
-
Ultrasound Video showing Polycystic kidney disease with enlarged bilateral seminal vesicles.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG37kjmbVt0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG37kjmbVt0)
-
https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-machine-basics-knobology-probes-and-modes/ (https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-machine-basics-knobology-probes-and-modes/)
-
Introduction to Cardiogenic Shock
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tHrgkrmnQ4 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tHrgkrmnQ4)
-
Basic US Course: Ultrasound guided vascular Access
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpdbxpiVDvo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpdbxpiVDvo)
-
Thyroid Ultrasonography: Pitfalls and Techniques
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955795/ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955795/)
-
How To: Gallbladder Ultrasound 3D Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydryil7kYUA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydryil7kYUA)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0IBi0YpBgY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0IBi0YpBgY)
και
porcelain gall bladder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxZPkOBlGhQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxZPkOBlGhQ)
USG GALLBLADDER (CALCULUS , WALL ECHO SHADOW,PORCELAIN GB)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_2PiPxEaHU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_2PiPxEaHU)
By Phillips Perera
How To: Gallbladder Ultrasound Part 1 - Introduction Case Study Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY3dBuQV03w (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY3dBuQV03w)
Basic Gallbladder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQG-DQVcoPo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQG-DQVcoPo)
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Το ψαχνό είναι κυρίως από το 2:00 έως το 4:22. Αν ο Γιατρός είναι δεξιόχειρας κρατά την κεφαλή του υπερηχογράφου με το αριστερό χέρι και την βελόνα με το δεξί χέρι. Η βελόνα πρέπει συνήθως να έχει μια γωνία 35-45 μοιρών όταν "κοιτά" την εγκάρσια πλευρά του ηχοβολέα, μπορεί όμως να "ακολουθεί" και την μακρόστενη πλευρά του ηχοβολέα.
The probe must be on top of or in front of your needle point all the time.
Enter the skin about 1 cm distal to the edge of the probe and at the same time slide the edge of the probe (στο βιντεάκι λέει αρχικά distally και μετά proximally. Μήπως το ένα από τα δύο είναι λάθος; )
Radial Artery Access using Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F079mSJ62io (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F079mSJ62io)
-
Musculoskeletal (MSK) Ultrasound Basics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJGFcVnOTug (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJGFcVnOTug)
0:47 Explanation of terminologies like Anechoic = black and Hyperechoic = white
11:15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultrasound
11:26 Indications for MSK ultrasound
11:53 Supraspinatus tendon
13:37 Subscapularis
14:52 Posterior glenohumeral joint
16:12 Supraspinatus tendon tear
16:48 Subdeltoid bursitis with synovitis
19:51 Muscle atrophy
21:17 Biceps tendon
21:45 Biceps tendinopathy and tenosynovitis
22:55 Supraspinatus calcific tendinopathy
24:40 Medial elbow
27:31 Biceps tendon
27:47 Biceps tear
29:04 Radial nerve neuropathy
30:26 Elbow MSK US: Medial and Lateral Epicondylitis, Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligament Tears, Biceps and Triceps Tendinopathy, Ulnar nerve dynamic subluxation, imaging between elbow extension and flexion, Radial nerve impingement
31:32 Wrist
32.19 De Quervain tenosynovitis
33:13 Injecting De Quervain tenosynovitis
33.53 Triggerfinger
35:32 Synovial screens
36:17 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
37:23 Wrist and hand MSK US diagnosis - Tendon and ligament injuries, Flexor pulley or extensor hood injuries, Carpal Tunnel, Palmaris tendon presence ( do not forget to compare with the same extremitity of the other side )
37:55 Anterior Hip
39:47 Iliopsoas bursitis
40:31 Lateral hip
41:18 Gluteus minimis tear
42:29 GT bursal injection
43:39 Snapping hip
44:26 Knee
46:37 Bakers cyst
48:29 Ankle
49:02 Achilles tendon tear
49:35 Ankle joint
49:38 Lateral ankle
50:55 Medial ankle
51:32 FHL injection - Dangerous path
52:00 FHL injection - Safe path
52:33 Ankle and foot MSK US diagnosis - Joint injenctions (subtalar joint, midfoot ((TMT joints)) ) - Mortons neuroma Dx and injection
52:52 Ordering MSK US
Orders
- Diagnostic:
US soft tissue Right/Left complete
- Injection
US guidance major joint aspiration and/or injection
Under comments
- Note joint compartment, specific complaint or preliminary diagnosis
- eg anterior elbow, medial knee, lateral ankle, "snapping hip", biceps tendon tear
-
Φυσικά χρησιμοποιούμε linear probe.
3D How To: Ultrasound Exam of the Bakers Cyst - SonoSite Ultrasound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su9RfJv4xWU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su9RfJv4xWU)
-
Different kinds of ultrasound probes.
(https://docnesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Probes.jpg)
-
https://www.pocus101.com/bladder-ultrasound-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/ (https://www.pocus101.com/bladder-ultrasound-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/)
-
Prostate Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Image Appearances | Transrectal (TRUS) & Transabdominal USG
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGKgUPf3A64 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGKgUPf3A64)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe2J7-jAWWQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe2J7-jAWWQ)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIXp4IoTBWM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIXp4IoTBWM)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TfXP2pwx9s (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TfXP2pwx9s)
-
Chronic Cystitis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IP5TUOC4Tbs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IP5TUOC4Tbs)
-
How to Measure Urinary Bladder and Prostate Volume (Demo For Residents)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAoqrEsk5_k (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAoqrEsk5_k)
-
Ο Phil Perera που το παρουσιάζει είναι εγγύηση για την ποιότητα αυτού του βίντεο διάρκειας 7 λεπτών.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3e-YdQRa-A (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3e-YdQRa-A)
-
https://aliemcards.com/cards/gallbladder-ultrasound/ (https://aliemcards.com/cards/gallbladder-ultrasound/)
-
Ο Phil Perera που το παρουσιάζει είναι εγγύηση για την ποιότητα αυτού του βίντεο διάρκειας 5 λεπτών (βασικά το ζουμί είναι μέχρι το 4:33).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMCwcNm9WOw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMCwcNm9WOw)
-
https://www.jss.org/english/standard/abdominal.html (https://www.jss.org/english/standard/abdominal.html)
-
Ο Phil Perera που το παρουσιάζει είναι εγγύηση για την ποιότητα αυτού του βίντεο διάρκειας 9 λεπτών
Τα πιο ενδιαφέροντα σημεία είναι στο 1:19 (the two main position of the probe for the examination of the gallblader)
στο 2:49 (the gallblader anatomy, σχηματοποιημένη)
στο 3:18 βλέπουμε ότι όταν βλέπουμε την χολή με τον υπέρηχο η εικόνα είναι αναποδογυρισμένη,
και στο 6:42 το Mickey Mouse Sign (Το πρόσωπο του Mickey Mouse είναι Vena Porta το δεξί του αυτί το Common Bile Duct και το αριστερό του αυτί η Hepatic Artery).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY3dBuQV03w (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY3dBuQV03w)
-
Βιντεάκι διάρκειας 2,30 λεπτών. Οι εικόνες αρχίζουν από το 0:55 και μετά.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vYsHRBKjtc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vYsHRBKjtc)
-
Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 4 λεπτών.
https://www.coreultrasound.com/knobology/
-
Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 3 λεπτών.
https://www.coreultrasound.com/basic_physics/ (https://www.coreultrasound.com/basic_physics/)
Οι βασικές μου σημειώσεις από αυτό το βιντεάκι:
01:38 The closer to 90 degrees the reflection, the brighter the reflection is.
01:39 Optimal reflection = Bright
Suboptimal reflection = Darker
01:53 Hyperechoic (white)
Isoechoic
Hypoechoic
Anechoic (black) (it is usually fluid)
02:13
Those three can give bright reflections:
Stones
Bones
Air
-
Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 5 λεπτών.
https://www.coreultrasound.com/artifacts_1/
00:10 Shadowing (i.e. black ribbon below, for example, gallstones). Can be divided to "Clean Shadow" which is black, below stones and bone, and "Dirty Shadow" which is grey, below airfilled structures).
02:00 Enhancement (i.e. brighter, deep to the fluid)
03:38 Edge Artifacts (i.e. on the edges of any kind of curved cystic structure)
04:29 An transverse urinary bladder with a folley where you see at the same time all the three artifacts together
-
https://www.pocus101.com/basic-principles-of-ultrasound-physics-and-artifacts-made-easy/ (https://www.pocus101.com/basic-principles-of-ultrasound-physics-and-artifacts-made-easy/)
-
https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/ultrasound-physics-and-technical-facts-for-the-beginner/#:~:text=This%20chapter%20serves%20as%20a%20basic%20overview%20of,of%20a%20complete%20positive%20and%20negative%20pressure%20change (https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/ultrasound-physics-and-technical-facts-for-the-beginner/#:~:text=This%20chapter%20serves%20as%20a%20basic%20overview%20of,of%20a%20complete%20positive%20and%20negative%20pressure%20change)
-
https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-machine-basics-knobology-probes-and-modes/ (https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-machine-basics-knobology-probes-and-modes/)
Πολύ καλά κείμενα και βίντεο(s)
Μεταξύ άλλων:
Ultrasound Probe Movements:
1) Sliding
2) Tilting / Fanning
3) Rotation
4) Rocking
5) Compression
ή
Ultrasound buttons
Freeze
Measure (Calipers)
Store
ή
Power Doppler Mode
There is a mode similar to color Doppler that you may encounter called Power Doppler. This mode does not show up as red or blue on the screen but only uses a single yellow color signifying the amplitude of flow. So you can’t tell if the flow is going towards or away from the probe given that it has only one color. It is more sensitive than color Doppler and is used to detect low flow states such as venous flow in the thyroid or testicles.
ή
Pulse Wave (PW) Doppler Mode
Pulse Wave (PW) Doppler allows you to measure the velocity of blood flow (at a single point). A unique aspect of Pulse Wave Doppler is that you can specify to the ultrasound machine exactly where you would like the machine to measure the velocity using the Sample Gate. It’s usually seen by two horizontal lines along your cursor. you can move your cursor and your sample gate and place it exactly where you want to measure your blood velocity.
ή
Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler Mode
Continuous Wave Doppler is very similar to pulse wave Doppler except it does not alias and can detect very high velocities (greater than 1000cm/second). So Continuous Wave Doppler is the optimal choice for measuring high-velocity applications such as valvular stenosis and regurgitation.
Unlike Pulse Wave Doppler which has a sampling gate to measure a single point along your cursor, Continuous Wave Doppler measures all points along your cursor. Therefore what you will see will be the maximum velocity of flow detected along the cursor line. This is a pro and a con. It is a pro because you don’t have aliasing and can detect high velocities, but it is a con because you don’t know exactly where that velocity is coming from on the cursor. Also if there are two velocities along the cursor line, you won’t be able to differentiate the lower velocity compared to the higher velocity signal, since the high-velocity signal will mask the low-velocity one.
ή
Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) Mode
Now let’s go over how to use Tissue Doppler.
The good news is that all of the principles of Pulse Wave Doppler also apply to Tissue Doppler. In fact, Tissue Doppler is just another form of Pulse Wave Doppler that allows you to measure the much slower speeds of tissue/muscle movement (from 1cm/s – 20cm/s) compared to Pulse Wave Doppler that measures the much faster speed of blood (30cm/s – 200cm/s).
Accessing the Tissue Doppler function will vary by machine but usually just involves pushing a knob/button labeled “TDI” (Tissue Doppler Imaging) while you are in the Pulse Wave Doppler mode.
ή
Other Ultrasound Doppler Settings: Wall Filter, Steer, Angle Correction
When you are in one of these Doppler settings, you will be able to optimize your image further by adjusting the following ultrasound buttons/knobs:
Wall Filter: decreases low-velocity signals. Used to minimize the amount of artifacts on your Doppler images
Steer: allows you to steer the color Doppler box when you can’t get an optimal angle
Angle Correction: used for Pulse wave to correct the angle of your sample gate when you can’t get an optimal angle
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Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 4,5 λεπτών.
https://coreultrasound.com/aaa/ (https://coreultrasound.com/aaa/)
-
https://www.pocus101.com/aorta-ultrasound-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/ (https://www.pocus101.com/aorta-ultrasound-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/)
Scanning tips
Bowel gas in the way?
- Apply pressure with probe
- Jiggle to encourage peristalsis
- Attempt to image from a different angle
Can t see the aorta?
- Increase depth to find spine shadow
- Roll the patient onto the left side and use liver as acoustic shadow.
Note:
Carefull imaging aorta in longitudinal plane - easy to get a falsely small diameter, or miss a saccular aneurysm.
-
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/aorta/ (https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/aorta/)
-
Κάποιες από τις ρυθμίσεις του ντόπλερ δεν είμαι τόσο σίγουρος ότι θα τις δούμε σε μηχανήματα που ταιριάζουν στην ειδικότητά μας. Πρόκειται για μηχανήματα πιο πολύ all around χωρίς τις λεπτομέρειες στη μέτρηση ταχυτήτων ροής πχ που απαιτεί ένας υπερηχογραφικός έλεγχος προ TAVI.
-
Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 5 λεπτών. Έχει κάποιες λεπτομέρειες για το efast που δεν τις έχω δει σε άλλα σχετικά βιντεάκια.
https://coreultrasound.com/efast/ (https://coreultrasound.com/efast/)
-
https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/fast/ (https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/fast/)
Στην subxiphoid view η καρδιά φαίνεται "αντεστραμμένη" (τα πάνω κάτω, αλλά και τα αριστερά δεξιά).
-
https://nephropocus.com/2019/06/14/focus-on-focus-the-4-basic-views-of-the-heart/ (https://nephropocus.com/2019/06/14/focus-on-focus-the-4-basic-views-of-the-heart/)
-
Η διεύθυνση έχει πλάκα, νεφρο-focus, αλλά για καρδιά!
-
https://www.pocus101.com/efast-ultrasound-exam-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/ (https://www.pocus101.com/efast-ultrasound-exam-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/)
-
https://coreultrasound.com/ultrasound-guided-peripheral-iv-access/ (https://coreultrasound.com/ultrasound-guided-peripheral-iv-access/)
-
https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-guided-peripheral-iv-insertion-placement-and-access-made-easy/ (https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-guided-peripheral-iv-insertion-placement-and-access-made-easy/)
-
https://coreultrasound.com/central-venous-access/
-
pocus101
Ultrasound-Guided Central Line Placement Made Easy: Step-By-Step Guide
https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-guided-central-line-placement-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/ (https://www.pocus101.com/ultrasound-guided-central-line-placement-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/)
-
pocus101
Cardiac Ultrasound (Echocardiography) Made Easy: Step-By-Step Guide
https://www.pocus101.com/cardiac-ultrasound-echocardiography-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/ (https://www.pocus101.com/cardiac-ultrasound-echocardiography-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/)
-
coreultrasound How to Obtain Cardiac Windows
https://coreultrasound.com/how-to-obtain-cardiac-windows/ (https://coreultrasound.com/how-to-obtain-cardiac-windows/)
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Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 5 λεπτών:
coreultrasound Basic Cardiac Function
https://coreultrasound.com/basic-cardiac-function/ (https://coreultrasound.com/basic-cardiac-function/)
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mitosultrasound.gr
-
www.5minsono.com
www.ultrasoundpodcast.com
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Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 5 λεπτών:
Best view - any view, but probably the best one is subxiphoid (0:14)
You can use curvilinear probe as well (0:45)
Foils ! (1:41)
Pericardial fat pad (1:50)
Clot (2:19)
Pleural effusion (3:14)
Inflammatory effusion (3:55)
Gunshot with air into the heart (4:10)
Tamponade vs effusion (4:54)
https://coreultrasound.com/pericardial-effusion/ (https://coreultrasound.com/pericardial-effusion/)
-
Pericardial Tamponade
=
Pericardial Effusion 00:17
+
RA diastolic collapse
RV diastolic collapse
Pulsus Paradoxus (Respirophasic Inflow Variation) 03:25
IVC (dilation of IVC and Hepatic Veins) 04:06
when the valve is open = systole 00:40
when the valve is closed = diastole
Freeze → mouse pad = slow motion
https://coreultrasound.com/pericardial-tamponade/
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Normally 1/3 Right Heart and 2/3 Left Heart 00:30 - 01:00
https://coreultrasound.com/right-heart-strain/ (https://coreultrasound.com/right-heart-strain/)
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Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 5 λεπτών.
(max - min)/max x 100 01:25
Maybe fluids? 01:48
spontaneous breathing > 40 - 50% change
ventilated breathing > 14 - 18% change
how to differentiate aorta from the ivc 03:14
Dynamic exam 04:34
Epigastric, longitudinal
Ultrasound = Data point
https://coreultrasound.com/ivc/
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pocus101.com
Lung Ultrasound Made Easy: Step-By-Step Guide
https://www.pocus101.com/lung-ultrasound-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/ (https://www.pocus101.com/lung-ultrasound-made-easy-step-by-step-guide/)
-
What does a liver hemangioma look like on ultrasound?
In grey scale ultrasound, hemangiomas typically appear as hyperechoic (ασπριδερά), well defined lesions, or hypoechoic masses with hyperechoic periphery [3, 4]. However, when the features of the lesion are atypical at conventional ultrasound (US), further investigation is required.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5849163/
What does liver metastasis look like on ultrasound?
The appearance of metastases on ultrasound is diverse, but most appear rounded with sharp or smooth margins. They show variable echogenicity (hypo-, iso, or hyperechoic relative to the surrounding parenchyma), with the hypoechoic (πιο μαυριδερά σε σχέση με το υπόλοιπο ήπαρ) pattern being the most common (65%)[7]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8727197/ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8727197/)
What does cancer look like on a kidney ultrasound?
white spots on an ultrasound is different because the technique uses sound waves to reveal the density of any structures inside. Usually, cancerous tumors in the kidneys are solid, which means that cancer will appear as a lighter spot on an ultrasound image because the sound waves bounce off more solid structures.
(https://i0.wp.com/aneskey.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/323313_1_En_2_Fig2_HTML.png?w=960)
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https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/lung/ (https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/lung/)
-
(https://sonographictendencies.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/fatty.png?w=1200)
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(https://scontent.fskg3-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/406550074_2303740450015169_8681111088554937870_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=dd5e9f&_nc_eui2=AeFD6Xcwh3pvhCpPrRPkVktkEEnrAy0EKIUQSesDLQQohRWpELDzpRnRRJ_hiNE6BD8&_nc_ohc=Vf1A3klh8QoAX_0hevu&_nc_ht=scontent.fskg3-1.fna&oh=00_AfCHyFRNJblGUgRmQmMB6l5R_2tzoAUeT5M9d_Q4-bz3kA&oe=6571EE67)
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Οι υπέρηχοι που έχουμε στα επείγοντα και σκίζονται καθημερινά στη χρήση και την κατάχρηση, ούτε προληπτικές ετήσιες συντηρήσεις έχουν ούτε καθαρισμούς φίλτρων (που όμως μπορεί να μην έχουν).
Θα έλεγα ότι ούτε ups έχουν, αλλά δεν ξέρω αν έχει έλεγχο το ρεύμα γενικώς του νοσοκομείου
-
Οι υπέρηχοι που έχουμε στα επείγοντα και σκίζονται καθημερινά στη χρήση και την κατάχρηση, ούτε προληπτικές ετήσιες συντηρήσεις έχουν ούτε καθαρισμούς φίλτρων (που όμως μπορεί να μην έχουν).
Θα έλεγα ότι ούτε ups έχουν, αλλά δεν ξέρω αν έχει έλεγχο το ρεύμα γενικώς του νοσοκομείου
Κάθε Νοσοκομείο στην Σουηδία έχει ένα Τμήμα Υπεύθυνο για την επιδιόρθωση και την συντήρηση των Ιατρικών Μηχανημάτων του Νοσοκομείου. Υποψιάζομαι ότι τα κάνουν συντήρηση κατά τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα απλά δεν το ξέρουν οι Ιατροί.
(Από την άλλη η παραπάνω φωτογραφία προέρχεται από πωλητή και επιδιορθωτή Υπερηχογράφων εδώ στην Ελλάδα, και πιθανόν, όντως, να τα παραλέει προς ίδιον όφελος).
-
Ναι έχουμε τέτοιο τμήμα φυσικά, και τους βλέπουμε συχνά πυκνά στα επείγοντα, αλλά από όσο γνωρίζω, με τους υπερήχους μας ασχολούνται μόνο όταν κάτι χαλάσει. Και τότε όχι με πολύ επιτυχία. Βέβαια δεν ήμουν και 24/7 στα επείγοντα, οπότε μπορεί και να είναι έτσι
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Ultrasound of the gallbladder
https://www.slideshare.net/shaffar75/ultrasound-of-the-gallbladder (https://www.slideshare.net/shaffar75/ultrasound-of-the-gallbladder)
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Video duration: 18:56
Point of Care Lung Ultrasound (POCUS)
John Kugler, MD
Division of Hospital Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V649L5Q368 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V649L5Q368)
This video is brought to you by the Stanford Medicine 25 to teach you how to use bedside point of care ultrasound.
In this video we show you point of care ultrasound of the lung by simultaneously demonstrating the position of the probe and ultrasound images.
--------------Contents--------------
0:00 - Intro
0:29 - Pneumothorax
4:10 - Pleural Effusion
10:25 - A Lines & B Lines
18:39 - End
--------------------------------------------
This video is led by Dr. John Kugler. He is faculty at Stanford and a hospitalist with extensive experience in point of care ultrasound.
The Stanford Medicine 25 program for bedside medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine aims to promote the culture of bedside medicine to make current and future clinicians and other healthcare provides better at the art of physical diagnosis and more confident at the bedside of their patients.
Visit us:
Website: http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/
My notes: https://argiriou.blogspot.com/2024/01/argirios-argiriou-notes-on-video-point.html (https://argiriou.blogspot.com/2024/01/argirios-argiriou-notes-on-video-point.html)
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Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 4 λεπτών από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Stanford:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1C57PR2iX8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1C57PR2iX8)
This video is brought to you by the Stanford Medicine 25 to teach you how to use bedside point of care ultrasound.
We show you point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by simultaneously demonstrating the position of the probe and ultrasound images. In this video, we focus on what questions to ask and what to look for when scanning with ultrasound.
--------------Contents--------------
0:00 - Intro
1:04 - Room and Patient Setup Before Scanning
1:45 - How to Hold the Probe
3:00 - Probe Movements While Scanning
3:49 - End
--------------------------------------------
This video is led by Dr. John Kugler. He is faculty at Stanford and a hospitalist with extensive experience in point of care ultrasound.
The Stanford Medicine 25 program for bedside medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine aims to promote the culture of bedside medicine to make current and future clinicians and other healthcare provides better at the art of physical diagnosis and more confident at the bedside of their patients.
Visit us:
Website: http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/
Blog: https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.e...
Facebook: / stanfordmedicine25
Twitter: / stanfordmed25
My notes: https://argiriou.blogspot.com/2024/01/argirios-argiriou-notes-on-video-intro.html (https://argiriou.blogspot.com/2024/01/argirios-argiriou-notes-on-video-intro.html)
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Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 6 λεπτών από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Stanford:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2KNTbJVVr4 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2KNTbJVVr4)
This video is brought to you by the Stanford Medicine 25 to teach you how to use bedside point of care ultrasound.
We show you point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by simultaneously demonstrating the position of the probe and ultrasound images. In this video, we focus on how to get started using point of care ultrasound.
--------------Contents--------------
0:00 - Intro and Basics Before Scanning
3:37 - Common Settings on an Ultrasound Device
6:10 - End
--------------------------------------------
This video is led by Dr. John Kugler. He is faculty at Stanford and a hospitalist with extensive experience in point of care ultrasound.
The Stanford Medicine 25 program for bedside medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine aims to promote the culture of bedside medicine to make current and future clinicians and other healthcare provides better at the art of physical diagnosis and more confident at the bedside of their patients.
Visit us:
Website: http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/ (http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/)
My notes: https://argiriou.blogspot.com/2024/01/argirios-argiriou-notes-on-video-get.html (https://argiriou.blogspot.com/2024/01/argirios-argiriou-notes-on-video-get.html)
-
Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 6,32 λεπτών από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Stanford:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA7DYKzcZLw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA7DYKzcZLw)
This video is brought to you by the Stanford Medicine 25 to teach you how to use bedside point of care ultrasound.
We show you point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by simultaneously demonstrating the position of the probe and ultrasound images. In this video, we focus on how to exam the kidneys (renal ultrasound) and bladder.
--------------Contents--------------
0:00 - Intro
1:14 - Patient Position
1:31 - Kidney Ultrasound
3:22 - Bladder Ultrasound
6:16 - End
--------------------------------------------
This video is led by Dr. Andre Kumar. He is faculty at Stanford and a hospitalist with extensive experience in point of care ultrasound.
The Stanford Medicine 25 program for bedside medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine aims to promote the culture of bedside medicine to make current and future clinicians and other healthcare provides better at the art of physical diagnosis and more confident at the bedside of their patients.
Visit us:
Website: http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/
Blog: https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/blog.html
Facebook: / stanfordmedicine25
Twitter: / stanfordmed25
-
Βιντεάκι διάρκειας 3:22 λεπτών:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21yJm6IDuRA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21yJm6IDuRA)
Από το 2:50 κρατώ τα παρακάτω:
Advantages and Advice
Rapid
Bedside
Repeatable
No radiation
Dynamic
Pitfalls
1) Small consolidations may be difficult to locate.
2) The consolidation must touch the outer pleura to be seen through the chest wall by US
3) Pneumonia may be difficult to distinguish from other causes of consolidation (atelectasis, infarction, etc)
-
Do not forget to examine both in longitude and transverse orientation.
Do not forget to use Color Doppler, too.
Salivary Glands Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Images | Parotid, Submandibular & Sublingual Gland USG
**Cases:
Intro - 0:00
Normal Parotid Gland - 0:09
Normal Submandibular Gland/Normal Sublingual Glands - 0:37
Sialolithiasis - 1:36
Sialadenitis - 2:39
Parotid Gland Abscess - 3:29
Parotitis - 3:53
Sjogren Syndrome - 4:26
Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma - 5:28
Warthin Tumor - 6:28
Parotid Malignancy - 7:15
Lymphoma - 7:30
Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesions - 7:46
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poGrtzLVDLk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poGrtzLVDLk)
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Sterile Sheath for Ultrasound Guided Procedure: Single Operator Technique
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h_57JjmDQk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h_57JjmDQk)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=qBdtzC_Id1w (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=qBdtzC_Id1w)
-
Hernia Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Images | Direct/Indirect Inguinal/Epigastric/Femoral Hernia USG
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCeS3Kx_vKE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCeS3Kx_vKE)
Δεν ξεχνούμε να εξετάσουμε τον ασθενή
και ξαπλωμένο αλλά και όρθιο
και σε ηρεμία αλλά και όταν βήχει
με τον ηχοβολέα και οριζοντίως αλλά και καθέτως.
-
Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 3,46 λεπτών από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Stanford:
https://youtu.be/7TT1lTv83Fc (https://youtu.be/7TT1lTv83Fc)
This video is brought to you by the Stanford Medicine 25 to teach you how to use bedside point of care ultrasound.
We show you point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by simultaneously demonstrating the position of the probe and ultrasound images. In this video, we focus on how to exam the gallbladder.
--------------Contents--------------
0:00 - Intro
1:26 - Scanning
3:30 - End
--------------------------------------------
0:40 You can use a phase array probe or a curvilinear probe.
1:07 By convention you want your dot at the left side of the screen for any abdominal imaging.
1:10 Choose Abdominal Mode.
1:18 You want the patient to lie down really flat.
1:31 Xiphoid Process, Costal Margin, Anterior Axillary Line.
1:44 The probe marker towards the patients head.
1:50 Generally place the probe 1/3 of the way from the xiphoid process to the anterior axillary line.
2:10 The gallbladder tends to be a very superficial structure.
2:23 Fan and Rock.
2:31 Longitudinal view and Cross Sectional view.
2:48 The gallbladder may be difficult to view.
2:50 It is better if the patient has not eaten anything for at least 2 hours, even better if more than 2 hours before the examination.
3:00 It helps if the patient takes a deep breath and holds it for some time.
3:10 Do not forget to point the probe a little bit cranially (do not point the probe too perpendicular).
This video is led by Dr. Andre Kumar. He is faculty at Stanford and a hospitalist with extensive experience in point of care ultrasound.
The Stanford Medicine 25 program for bedside medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine aims to promote the culture of bedside medicine to make current and future clinicians and other healthcare provides better at the art of physical diagnosis and more confident at the bedside of their patients.
Visit us:
Website: http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/
Blog: https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/blog.html
Facebook: / stanfordmedicine25
Twitter: / stanfordmed25
Δείτε ένα ολόκληρο σχετικό playlist από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Stanford εδώ:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE6bR3gooUQs5rt_YQmruApuLcV3V7O3a (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE6bR3gooUQs5rt_YQmruApuLcV3V7O3a)
-
- Does alcohol damage ultrasound probe?
- The use of alcohol-based disinfectants including 70% isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) is not recommended for the disinfection of transducers due to the potential of drying out and destroying the rubber head transducers.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225436569_Degradation_of_ultrasound_probes_caused_by_disinfection_with_alcohol#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20alcohol%2Dbased,destroying%20the%20rubber%20head%20transducers. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225436569_Degradation_of_ultrasound_probes_caused_by_disinfection_with_alcohol#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20alcohol%2Dbased,destroying%20the%20rubber%20head%20transducers.)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27278425/#:~:text=Disinfection%20with%20alcohol%20may%20degrade,in%20preventing%20iatrogenic%20bacterial%20transmission. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27278425/#:~:text=Disinfection%20with%20alcohol%20may%20degrade,in%20preventing%20iatrogenic%20bacterial%20transmission.)
Συνάδελφος ο οποίος χρησιμοποιεί τον υπέρηχο του πολλές φορές κάθε ημέρα καθαρίζει την κεφαλή του υπερήχου του με μαντιλάκια μάρκας WIP' ANIOS EXCEL (πανάκια εμποτισμένα με καθαριστικό και απολυμαντικό διάλυμα).
Συνάδελφος Γυναικολόγος που κάνει και υπερηχογραφίες Β-επιπέδου χρησιμοποιεί τα μαντιλάκια μάρκας CLEANISEPT WIPES FORTE (Alcohol-free wipes for rapid disinfection) όπου η συσκευασία κοστίζει 10 € και περιέχει 100 μαντιλάκια, το μαντιλάκι κοστίζει δηλαδή 10 cent.
Πάντως συνάδελφος Γενικός Χειρουργός, όταν είναι να κάνει κάτι επεμβατικό με την βοήθεια υπέρηχου, μου είπε ότι καθαρίζει την κεφαλή με διάλυμα αλκοόλης και ως τώρα ο υπέρηχος δεν του χάλασε (δουλεύει αρκετά χρόνια με αυτό τον τρόπο).
-
Gallbladder Ultrasound Probe Positioning | Transducer Placement & Scanning | Abdominal USG
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBxFSnZHUm8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBxFSnZHUm8)
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Gallbladder Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Image Appearances Comparison | Gallbladder Pathologies USG
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IddjVD1jJe4 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IddjVD1jJe4)
-
Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι διάρκειας 4 λεπτών:
Ultrasound of Pulmonary Edema
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzgX9ihnmec (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzgX9ihnmec)
Τα πιο ωραία σημεία αυτού του βίντεο είναι στο
0:40 - 1:57
1:45
3:02
και
3:38
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Ποιοτικό βιντεάκι 19 λεπτών από το NEJM αλλά χρειάζεται να κάνει κανείς δωρεάν εγγραφή πρώτα για να το δει:
Basics of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasonography
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm2108203 (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm2108203)
-
Το χρώμα των B-lines είναι ασπριδερό (όπως και το χρώμα των A-lines):
(https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1476-7120-9-6/MediaObjects/12947_2010_Article_365_Fig3_HTML.jpg?as=webp)
https://cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-7120-9-6/figures/3 (https://cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-7120-9-6/figures/3)
https://cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-7120-9-6 (https://cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-7120-9-6)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThCgmRfuvuo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThCgmRfuvuo)
Δείτε στο παρακάτω βίντεο από το 2:40 και λίγο μετά πως ξεχωρίζουμε το πλευρό από τον υπεζωκότα λίγο πιο κάτω.
Serratus Anterior block for rib fracture pain management. 4/2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfAHRGQojoM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfAHRGQojoM)
-
The transducer is placed transversely over the popliteal fossa with the orientation marker directed to the patient's right.
How To: Baker's Cyst 3D Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDkPZRFUM-U (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDkPZRFUM-U)
Στο παρακάτω βίντεο όμως βλέπουμε μια άλλη μορφή κύστης του Baker που περιέχει διαχωρισμούς (septated):
Baker’s Cyst - Ultrasound Image Interpretation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJ8GmIUsMuo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJ8GmIUsMuo)
Ακόμη ένα βιντεάκι:
Posteromedial knee - Baker's cyst - 2 min series MSKUS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W34jcnYfouE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W34jcnYfouE)
-
anatomy of ultrasound of the thyroid gland.
(https://scontent.fskg3-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/131989091_3638960619498485_7131254551723283913_n.png?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=13d280&_nc_eui2=AeHMbBGtYYpgc7fKprXrdVPDxUSFfzmANWjFRIV_OYA1aFsA84RQQF6ddu8CQmoB3Jo&_nc_ohc=xuB_BtG3FLwQ7kNvgFGQEsg&_nc_ht=scontent.fskg3-1.fna&_nc_gid=A2qUdiV_vtGwYyZgrqYfYZC&oh=00_AYDSugFHPp2A3KECbXGviXUhGxa36W0-RghM__8KAtLG_Q&oe=671A7BE7)
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Pancreas Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Image Appearances Comparison | Pancreatic Pathologies USG
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HtKv6dbQBQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HtKv6dbQBQ)
Pancreas Ultrasound Probe Positioning | Transducer Placement & Scanning | Abdominal USG | Sonography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOtEkKvHtV4 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOtEkKvHtV4)
(https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/13638646/cf142a9dc24bcca6ad1b9a2edb6752_big_gallery.jpg)
-
The linear probe is best for evaluating ultrasound in all but the most obese patients.
https://med.emory.edu/departments/emergency-medicine/sections/ultrasound/case-of-the-month/abdominal/appendicitis.html (https://med.emory.edu/departments/emergency-medicine/sections/ultrasound/case-of-the-month/abdominal/appendicitis.html)
Appendix Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Image Appearances | Appendicitis USG Scan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLLNwE1iLck (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLLNwE1iLck)
-
Pancreas Ultrasound Probe Positioning | Transducer Placement & Scanning | Abdominal USG | Sonography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOtEkKvHtV4 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOtEkKvHtV4)
Προσοχή το πάγκρεας είναι μπροστά από τα αγγεία
(https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/13638646/cf142a9dc24bcca6ad1b9a2edb6752_big_gallery.jpg)
-
Pancreas Ultrasound Reporting | Diseases Scan Reports | How To Write USG Report | Abdominal USG
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOtEkKvHtV4 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOtEkKvHtV4)
(https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/13638646/cf142a9dc24bcca6ad1b9a2edb6752_big_gallery.jpg)
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Μην ξεχνάτε, πριν ξεκινήσετε μια εξέταση υπερηχογραφίας να εξετάσετε και κλινικά (επισκόπηση, ακρόαση, επίκρουση, ψηλάφηση) το μέρος που είναι να εξετάσετε.
Η κλινική εξέταση δίνει και αυτή πολλές πληροφορίες.
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- What kind of probe should I use for scrotal ultrasound?
- EQUIPMENT:
Linear array transducer with a frequency range of 7-18 MHz. Linear, sector, or curvilinear transducer
with a lower frequency range may be required for appropriate penetration and resolution if the scrotum
is enlarged.
https://www.utsouthwestern.edu/education/medical-school/departments/radiology/protocols/assets/US%20Scrotum.pdf (https://www.utsouthwestern.edu/education/medical-school/departments/radiology/protocols/assets/US%20Scrotum.pdf)
Scrotal Ultrasound Everything You Should Know (part 1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZgK3I78PCA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZgK3I78PCA)
Scrotal Ultrasound Everything You Should Know (part 2)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCYyGL9Y9o8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCYyGL9Y9o8)
Scrotal Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Image Appearances | Scrotum, Testis, Epididymis USG Scan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69gsm1iMGr0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69gsm1iMGr0)